Esc: Closes any of the windows below and returns focus to the code.
Ctrl + Alt + S: Open the Server Explorer.
Ctrl + Alt + L: Open the Solution Explorer.
Ctrl + Shift + C: Open the Class View.
Ctrl + Alt + J: Open the Object Browser
F4: Open the Properties window.
Ctrl + Alt + X: Open the Toolbox.
Shift + Alt + Enter: Go fullscreen.
If you have any others related to viewing and opening windows please post them in the comments.